Sized paper



Patented June 18, 1940 UNITED STATES 2,204,612 SIZED PAPER SidneyMusher, New York, N.

Y., assignor to Musher Foundation Incorporated, New York, N. Y., acorporation of New York No Drawing. Application June 10, 1936, SerialNo. 84,587

5 Claims.

This invention relates to packaging and particularly to the packaging ofvarious types of products, including edible materials, includingpackaging materials for use for such purposes, com- 5 positions employedwith or on such packaging materials, and the methods of producing thearticles and compositions.

In, accordance with the invention more particularly describedhereinafter in the present application, the packaging materials areutilized which carry sizings or waterproofings,,such as paraflin,illustrative of the wax sizes, or rosin sizes, illustrative of the resinsizes, which contain virgin glyceride oils, whether of animal orvegetable origin, such virgin oils particularly protecting the paraffinagainst oxidative change, and also protecting the materials packaged insuch packaging materials.

Among the objects of the present invention,

i there is included such flexible packaging materials, articles packagedwithin such flexible packaging materials or other types of treatedpackaging materials, the compositions utilizable in producing suchpackaging materials, and the l methods of making such articles andcompositions.

Other and further objects and advantages will appear from the moredetailed description set forth below, it being understood, however, thatthis more detailed description is given by way of illustration andexplanation only, and not by way of limitation, since various changestherein may be made by those skilled in the art without departing fromthe scope and spirit of the present invention.

In accordance with the present invention, the virgin glyceride oils,both vegetable and animal, are utilized in the treatment of packagingmaterials in order to protect such packaging materials againstoxidativechange, and also to protect the materials packaged within such packagingmaterials against undesirable change. The virgin oils used for thispurpose are of such character that they contain antioxidants. Most ofthevirgin oils as ordinarily prepared, and before chemical or othertreatments for purification for edible purposes, etc., contain or may bemade to contain a substantial amount of antioxidant activity, and may,therefore, be desirably employed for these purposes. As illustrative ofthe glycerides that can be employed, there may be mentioned moreparticularly cacao butter, sesame oil, peanut oil, and corn oil, as themore desirable types of materials, and other glyceride oils includingolive oil, linseed oil, tung oil, cottonseed oil, cocoanut oil, all maybe employed in their natural or virgin condition. The vegetable oils arepreferred, particularly those which do not have an undesirable odor orflavor, and are, therefore, preferable to the animal or fish oils whichhave more pro-- 6 nounced aromas.

The utilization of the virgin oils is particularly important inconnection with cellulosic materials, like paper or cardboard, which arewaxed or otherwise sized to make them moisture resistant W orwaterproof. Various waxes are utilized for such purposes, and may all betreated in accord ance with the present invention. Both hard and softwaxes can be employed, either individually or in admixture depending onthe type of sizing w coating that is normally utilized in connectionwith such packaging materials. The desired virgin glyceride employed foraddition to the hydrocarbon type of wax, such as paraffin, ceresin, etc.can be varied, depending on the consistency of the glyceride, as well asthat of the wax employed. Where it is desired to increase the meltingpoint of the wax, such as parafiin, a harder type of glyceride may beemployed; whereas when a harder type of sizing material, such as a hardwax is utilized, it may be desirable to reduce the consistency of thematerial by the utilization of a softer type of glyceride. Cacao butteris exemplary of the harder types of vegetable glycerides that can beemployed for thus modifying the parafiin wax, for example, withoutundesirably changing the characteristics of the sizing material.

The proportions of glyceride employed with the sizing materiallike-hydrocarbon wax, or specifically paraffin, may vary over widelimits, depending on the consistency of the final product or compositionto be produced, and the manner of its utilization. Generally from 5 to25% of the glyceride material may be employed with the sizing, such asparaffin, so that from 5 to 25% of a product, such as cacao butter,virgin sesame oil, or the oil pressed from crushed sesame seed, virginpeanut oil, or similar product, may be utilized with from 95% to 75% ofparafiin, by addition, for example, to the Waxing trough, in which eventthe finished waxed paper would not only have at its surface a paraflinsubstantially protected against oxidative change, but in addition whensuch treated waxed paper is used for the wrapping 5 of bread, biscuits,crackers, candies, etc., there would be a definite retention of originalaroma, since in the first place, the parafiin would not oxidize andwould not lend its oxidized flavor to the products packaged, such asbread, candies,

etc., and in the second place, such glyceride as would be adsorbed atthe surface of the paper or dissolved in the parafiin would be protectedagainst rancidity by the presence of the virgin glyceride oil and itsantioxidative character.

By the utilization of the virgin oils with the sizing materials, such aswax, the latter is protected against undesirable oxidative change asindicated above, and at the same time, it is not necessary to have anyfibrous vegetable mate: rial present as would be true when thevegetative substances are directly incorporated into the paraffin, forexample, and in the latter event, the paraffin mixture is not asmoisture excluding as is the parafiin compositions containing the virginoils substantially free from any vegetative fibers.

The glycerides employed may be those obtained either by directexpression of the oil or glyceride in the normal way that is done incommerce, and before any purification or treatment which would destroythe antioxidative character. More desirably, however, the glycerides areproduced in a manner to insure a higher antioxidant activity by enablingthem during their production to remain in contact for a substantialperiod of time with the vegetative fibers from which such oils orglycerides are derived,

Thus by grinding an oil-containing seed, nut or fruit for an extensiveperiod of time, so that the expressed oil remains in contact with thevegetative fibers for a substantial period of time greater than isnormally done in the expression of oils or glycerides by the methodscommonly employed in the art, the oil or glyceride will carry a muchhigher antioxidant content, and exhibit a greater antioxidant activity.Such virgin materials carrying such increased antioxidant activity areparticularly utilizable in connection with the present invention.Illustrating this phase of the matter, cacao butter, particularly whenmade by first grinding cacao nibs, and subsequently expressing the cacaobutter, can desirably be employed for the protection of parafiin oraddition thereto in accordance with the present invention, utilizing,for example, 10% of cacao butter with 90% of paraffin.

Various methods of incorporating the paraffin or other sizing materialwith'the virgin glyceride may be employed as by first preparing thevirgin glyceride in any of the manners set forth above, andincorporating such glyceride into the parafn'n, either while the latteris molten, or by the use of solvents, etc. ticularly with a volatilesolvent, may be employed for extraction of the oil directly from theoil-- containing seed, nut or fruit, with subsequent elimination of thesolvent if desirable to leave the glyceride distributed uniformly andhomogeneously throughout the paraffin material, or the entirecomposition containing thesolvent may be employed for the treatment ofthe paper,

cardboard or other cellulosic or packaging materials, with subsequentelimination of the solvent.

Virgin glyceride oils used with paraffin and other sizing on packagingmaterials may be obtained either by direct expression from the oilcontaining seed, nut, or fruit by solvent extrac- Or the paraffin, par-.

tion therefrom, or by first grinding the oil containing vegetativematerials in order to obtain a transfusion of the antioxidants from thenonfatty portion of the vegetative material into the glyceride andsubsequently expressing or extracting the oil so infused.

Separate and apart, however, from the utilizaion of the virgin glycerideoils as described, there may also be employed glycerides other thanvirgin oils which are prepared by infusion with vegetative materials inorder totransfer the antioxidants from the non-fatty portions of thatvegetative material into the glyceride oil and subsequently using theoil so obtained for addition to the paraffin or other sizing material inthe described manner.

For instance, refined cottonseed oil may be infused with soya flourusing, for example, 80% of refined cottonseed oil with 20% of soya flourby weight and either grinding the flour in with the oil or heating theflour and oil to approximately 150 F. in order to obtain an infusion ofthe oil and to transfer the antioxidants of the soya fiour into therefined cottonseed oil. The soya flour may then be removed from thecottonseed oil either by filtration, centrifuging, expression, solventextraction, or other means and the oil so obtained, possessing theantioxidants of the soya fiour toa marked degree, may be used incombination with the parafiin or other sizing for the packagingmaterial. The paraffin may, of course, be added directly to thecottonseed oil-soya flour combination and the mixture of paraifin andcottonseed oil filtered from the soya solids, Any other refinedglyceride may be used, such as corn oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, lard,tallow, etc., with any other vegetative material such as, for instance,peanut press cake,

crushed peanuts, sesame press cake, crushed sesame seed, cottonseedmeal, linseed meal, cas:-'

tor bean pumace, oats, barley, hominy, grasses, legumes, brans, etc., inorder to transfer the antioxidants of the vegetative material into theglyceride oil and using that infused glyceride oil with the paraflfin orother sizing on the packaging material.

Having thus set forth my invention, I claim:

1. A paper material which has been sized with a combination of 90% ofparafiin and 10% cacao butter.

2. A wrapping paper material which has been sized with paraflin waxincluding 5% to 25% of cacao butter.

3. A fiexible'cellulosic packaging material having a surface coatingcomposed of paraffin and 5% to 25% of umefined crude undeodorized virginglyceride oil.

4. A fiexible paper packaging material having a surface coating composedof parafiin carrying about 5% to 25% of glyceride oil which has beenground with an oil containing seed material and which carries -insolution antioxygens derived from such oil containing seed material.

5. A paper material which has been provided with a water repellentsurfacing including a water repellent wax in which has been incorporateda relatively smallTamount of cacao butter.

SIDNEY MUSHER.

